NUTRITION-:

Science of foods which comprises the dynamic process in which the consumed food is digested, nutrients are absorbed and distributed to different organs of body for utilisation and waste is composed by body is known as NUTRITION.

NUTRIENTS-:

1. Macro Nutrients-

These nutrients are consumed in large amount by human body as they supply energy and are needed for growth and development of human body.

A CARBOHYDRATES

Carbohydrate are one of the most important source of energy in human body . It contains hydrogen, oxygen and carbon. The ratio of hydrogen atoms to oxygen atoms is 2:1 except rhamnose.

There are two main types of carbohydrates.

SIMPLE CARBOHYDRATES - Glucose, Galactose, Maltose, Lactose, Fructose. These are soluble in water and are sweet in taste.

COMPLEX CARBOHYDRATES - Starch, Dextrin, glycogen and cellulose. These are insoluble in water and sour in taste.

B PROTEINS

Protein contain carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulphur. These are very large molecules which can not be taken in by our body, so they are turned into amino acids . Amino acids are used by body to create blood, muscles, nail, skin, hair and also some tissues in internal organs .

BODY REQUIRES ONLY 0.36 grams OF PROTEIN PER POUND OF IDEAL BODY WEIGHT

C FATS

Fats contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in percentage of 76, 12, 12 respectively. Fats are necessary for daily functions of our body as it keeps our body warm and helps in creation of hormones.

There are different group of fats in diet, such as,

Saturated fats, polyunsaturated fats, and mono unsaturated fats.

D WATER

Water is one of the most essential essential in human body as our body contains 90% of water. Water helps in transportation of nutrients to different parts of human body.

UNICEF says that water is not included in macro nutrients but USDA (United States Dietary Association) includes it as a part of macro nutrients.

2. Micro Nutrients-

These are consumed by human body in very small amounts. These are significantly required by human body for daily functions and workloads of human body.

A MINERALS

Mineral is very essential in our body as our 4 % of body weight is mad up of minerals. Minerals are required for healthy bones, muscles and teeths.

There are two types of minerals-

MACRO MINERALS - Calcium, Potassium, Sodium, Magnesium and Phosphorus.

MICRO MINERALS - Iodine, Iron, Chromium, Copper and Cobalt.

B VITAMINS

Vitamin is consumed by our body in very small amount but still they are significantly required by our body because deficiency of any of the vitamin leads to deficiency diseases.

Two groups of vitamins are -

FAT SOLUBLE VITAMINS - Vitamin A, Vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K.

WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS - Vitamin B Complex ( more than 7 parts in it).