Nutritive components of diet:-

A. PROTEIN

Protein is a compound, which is formed by the combination of oxygen, carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen. Protein is also called nitrogenous food. The base for living cells (protoplasm) is also formed by protein. Proteins also play a significant role in mental development of any individual.

Sources -

1. ANIMAL PROTEIN - Protein which we get from animal products is called animal protein. Such as eggs, milk, meat, fish, etc.

2. VEGETABLE PROTEIN - Protein which we get from vegetables is called as vegetable protein, which is usually found in beans, pulses, soyabean, mustard, groundnuts, etc.

B. CARBOHYDRATES

It is a component formed by hydrogen, oxygen and carbon. It provides energy to our body. Carbohydrate is also required for formation of fats. It should be consumed in correct proportion because if it is consumed more it will turn into fatty tissues and if less it will reduces the body weight of an individual.

Sources -

Rice, maize, jowar, bajra, pulses, banana, potato, sugar, dates, grapes, etc.

C. FATS

Fats generally means any ester of fatty acids. Fats provide heat and energy to body, it is important for regulating the body. Fats also protect us from extreme effects of hot and cold climates, it makes body smooth and soft. If fat is taken along carbohydrates it would be easily digestible.

Sources -

ANIMAL SOURCES - Ghee, butter, curd, fish, oil, milk, meat, eggs, etc.

VEGETABLE SOURCES - Corn, potato, dry fruits, coconut, soyabean, food grains, etc.

D. VITAMINS

It is also a nutritive component of diet same as protein, carbohydrates. It is healthy for lifestyle and it protect us from various diseases. It increases immunity in body but at the same time less consumption of vitamin can leads to various deficiencies.

TYPES OF VITAMINS-:

1. Fat Soluble such as vitamin A, D, E and K.

2. Water Soluble such as vitamin C and vitamin B complex.

Sources -

Milk, cream, butter, vegetables, fish, wheat, egg yolk, pig meat, etc.

D. MINERALS

Minerals are very essential important nutritive component of diet it helps in developing muscles, teeth, clothing, etc.

Mineral includes...

Calcium

Phosphorus

Iodine

Iron

Sodium

Sources -

Fish, meat, beetroot, onion, cabbage, cereals, spinach, yolk, orange, etc.

Non-Nutritive components of diet:-

A. FIBRE & ROUGHAGE

Fibre & Roughage does not have any nutritive value. It is undigested part of food or it cannot be digested by human. Roughage and fibres can be divided into two categories that is soluble and insoluble. The soluble fibres lowers cholesterol on the other hand insoluble fiber is a goof stool softener.

Sources -

Whole wheat, fresh fruits, root, vegetables, oats, fish, etc.

B. WATER

Water is also an essential component of diet but it does not include any nutritive value in it. Even our blood comprises of 90% water, water in blood helps in transportation of nutrients to various cells of our body. Water is significant in excretion of waste products and it also regulates the body temperature. Generally 20% of water intake is from food and remaining from drinking of water.

C. COLOUR COMPOUNDS

Food and diet is more attractive by colour present in it some of them are made from vegetables while colour derived from animals are less bright. There are various colours derived from fruits such as blue, cream, red, yellow, etc.

D. FLAVOUR COMPOUNDS

Flavours are present in both nutritive and non nutritive components of diet. Sometimes it is difficult to know about the flavour compounds. Sour taste is given by acidic food where as bitter taste is provided by an alkaline.

E. PLANT COMPOUNDS

There are some compounds present in plants which does not carry any nutritive value . When these are consumed by us it can be harmful or beneficial. There are many compounds which also inhibit cancer. If these are taken in large quantities it can increase heart rate, lead to excessive urination and many diseases.